From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 8 History Chapter 2  –  From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power

Quick revision notes

In Chapter 2 of Class 8 NCERT book: you must have learnt about ancestors . In chapter 2: you will learn about Trade to Territory

End of Mughal Empire

• Aurangzeb was the last of the powerful Mughal rulers.

• In 1707, after his death, many Mughal governors (subadars) and big zamindars established regional kingdoms.

East India Company Comes East

• Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, who had discovered this sea route to India in 1498.
• The Portuguese were the first Europeans who came to India.
• They established their presence in the western coast of India, and had their base in Goa.
• In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England.
• By early seventeenth century, the Dutch and the French also arrived on the scene.
• All the companies were interested in buying the same things such as cotton and silk, pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon which created competition and ultimately reduced the profits that could be earned.
• To secure markets, therefore, led to fierce battles between the trading companies.

East India Company begins trade in Bengal

• The first English factory was set up on the banks of the river Hugli in 1651.
• As trade expanded, the Company persuaded merchants and traders to come and settle near the factory.
• By 1696 it began building a fort around the settlement.
• Two years later, the Company gained zamindari rights over three villages.

→ One of the villages was Calicutta (later came to be known as Kolkata).

East India Company Comes East

In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I allowed a sanction to East India Company for an imposing business model of exchange with countries in the east. Exchanging organizations put forth attempts to expand benefit by dispensing with rivals in exchange. 

East India Company Begins Trade in Bengal: The primary industrial facility of East India Company, which functioned as a stockroom and base for the laborers of the organization, was set up in 1651. The laborers were known as ‘factors’. As exchange extended, the organization convinced shippers to settle close to the manufacturing plant. 

The Battle of Plassey:

Sirajuddaulah succeeded Ali Vardi Khan. He confronted the armed forces and the maritime armada of the East India Company at Plassey in the year 1757. The British armed force was driven by Robert Clive who figured out how to pulverize the powers of the Nawab, subsequently winning the principal significant fight and making it a memorable milestone. 

The Battle of Buxar:

Mir Jafar turned into the new Nawab, and consequently, he gave immense measures of income to East India Company and its authorities. East India Company felt it as the most ideal method of gaining benefits and began trading with nawabs consistently. Mir Kasim was made the Nawab after Mir Jafar, and when he presented threat to their reality, East India Company supplanted him again by Mir Jafar. 

Tipu Sultan–

The Tiger of Mysore: The organization occupied with an immediate clash just when a local state got adverse to the organization’s standard in the subcontinent. Mysore developed as a possible danger under Haidar Ali and his child, Tipu Sultan. 

War with the Marathas: The Third Battle of Panipat broke the fantasies of the Marathas to lead India from Delhi. It likewise prompted the division of Maratha alliance. Four bosses managed from four focuses under a Peshwa situated in Pune. 

Auxiliary Alliance: An arrangement presented by Lord Wellesley through which Indian states were to acknowledge a British occupant and needed to disband their military. East India Company sent its soldiers and their support was borne by Indian rulers. 

The convention of Lapse: A law presented by Lord Dalhousie which expressed that if any leader of an auxiliary state kicks the bucket without having a characteristic beneficiary, his state would pass into East India Company domain. The states added were Satara, Sambhalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi. 

The British force started to develop in India from the second 50% of the eighteenth century. 

The British initially came to India as a little exchanging organization and were hesitant to secure regions. Eventually, they turned into the experts of the immense region. This didn’t occur incidentally. It required some investment. 

In 1600, the East India Company obtained a Charter from the leader of England, Queen Elizabeth I, conceding it the sole option to exchange with the East. 

In 1856, the Company likewise took over Awadh. 

At the point when Warren Hastings turned into the primary Governor-General of India he presented a few regulatory changes, particularly in the circle of trade equity. 

In the mid nineteenth century, the British built trade up a uniform military culture. Fighters were progressively exposed to European-style preparing, drill and order that directed their life for more than previously. 

In this way, the East India Company was changed from an exchanging organization to regional provincial force. 

Commercial: The word alludes to a business venture that makes benefit fundamentally through exchange, purchasing products modest and selling them at more significant expenses. 

Factor: The Company brokers were referred to around then as elements. 

Farman: An illustrious request during the Mughal time frame. 

Manikin: The term here is utilized to allude to an individual who is constrained by another person. 

Exchange: A conventional conversation between people so as to discover an answer. 

Sanction: An official request or goal. 

Nabob: The British called the nawab as nabob, who was the image of intensity and authority. 

Auxiliary partnership: according to the particulars of this collusion, Indian rulers were not permitted to have their autonomous military. They were to be secured by the organization. 

Directive: Instruction. 

Compliance: The demonstration of being accommodating. 

Alliance: Alliance. 

Centrality: Being vital or preeminent. 

The Doctrine of Lapse: This was a strategy of the Company to add realms. According to this approach if an Indian ruler passed on without a male beneficiary, his realm would turn into the aspect of the Company an area. 

Qazi: An adjudicator. 

Mufti: A legal adviser of the Muslim people group liable for elucidating the law that the Qazi would control. 

Denunciation: A preliminary by the House of Lords in England on charges of offense brought against an individual in the House of Commons. 

Sawar: Men on ponies. 

Dharmashastra: Sanskrit messages recommending social principles and codes of conduct. These were started to create from C. 500 BCE onwards. 

Black powder rifle: A hefty weapon u§ed by infantry troopers. 

Matchlock: An early sort of firearm where the powder was lighted by a match. 

1498 – Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese voyager, found the ocean course to India. 

1600 – The East India Company procured a Charter from the leader of England, Queen Elizabeth I conceding it the sole option to exchange with the East. 

1651 – The principal English plant was set up on the banks of the waterway Hugli. 

1696 – The Company started fabricating a fortress around the settlement. 

1756 – Alivardi Khan passed on and Sirajuddaulah turned into the Nawab of Bengal. 

1757 – The Battle of Plassey occurred. 

1764 – The Battle of Buxar occurred. 

1765 – The Mughal Emperor designated the Company as the Diwan of the areas of Bengal. 

1782-99 – Tipu Sultan was the leader of Mysore.