What Books And Burials Tell Us: Class 6 History NCERT Chapter 5

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 6 History Chapter 5 – What Books And Burials Tell Us 

In the last chapter 4, we studied the story of Harrapan civilization and how the Harappan cities later got destroyed. In chapter 5 of Class 6 NCERT book: What Books And Burials Tell Us, we will understand different types of Vedas and learn about Rigveda in detail. Further, we will also study about burials and how they help us in knowing more about the lives of people from that time.

Quick Revision notes

Burial Spots of Families: Some burial chambers have more than one skeleton, presumably implying that one chamber was utilized for many individuals of the same family. A hole in the wall permitted the chamber to be utilized again and again. The entombment locales were set apart by stones. 

Battles: Rigveda enlightens us about battles for land and cattle. Individuals met in gatherings and discussed war and harmony. Wealth obtained from there is disseminated among the leaders, priests, and people. 

Vedas: Initially, the Rigveda was not in written structure, however, was passed on orally. Information passed on along these lines is known as ‘Shruti’. The Vedic instructors took incredible consideration to instruct students to pronounce words and retain hymns effectively. 

Sanskrit and Other Languages: Scholars have found numerous likenesses among Sanskrit and European languages like Latin, English and German. Historians arrived at the resolution that Sanskrit has a place with the Indo-European group of languages. Different languages like Hindi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and so on have a place with a similar group as well. 

Skeleton Studies: Study of the bone structure assists with separating male and female skeletons. The hip or the pelvic region of a lady is commonly bigger than a man. 

Special Burial at Inamgaon: We discover burial dated back to 3600 and 2700 years ago. Grown-ups were commonly covered in the ground. The special notice might be made of a man who was discovered covered in an enormous, four-legged mud container in the yard of a five-stayed house. 

Writing Evidence: First proof of writing in China was discovered 3500 years back. These compositions were on creature bones and were called oracle bones. In any case, the Chinese didn’t have a clue about the utilization of iron. 

Other Languages: Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam have a place with the Dravidian family and the languages spoken in Jharkhand and parts of Central India have a place with the Austro-Asiatic family. 

Megaliths:

These actually mean huge stones, which were utilized by early men to spot burial spots. 

There are four Vedas: 

  • Rigveda 
  • Samaveda 
  • Yajurveda 
  • Atharvaveda. 

The earliest one is the Rigveda (3500 years back). It has over a thousand hymns (“Suktas”). The Vedas are religious writings of Hinduism. The hymns were formed by rishis and students remembered them. The Rigveda has been written in old (Vedic) Sanskrit. 

The Vedas were recorded a lot later. Students memorized in the hymns and gave it to different ages by retaining and not writing.

The Manuscript of Rigveda 

The Manuscript of Rigveda 

Rigveda has prayers for cattle, kids and horses to various gods and goddesses. Especially, The Agni (god of fire), Indra( a warrior god) and soma (a special plant). Wealth was distributed among the leaders, priests and others, as per the Rigveda. There were ‘Yajnas’ performed. Most men participated in wars. 

The Rigveda distributes individuals in two groups based on their work: the ‘brahmins’ and the ‘rajas’. Individuals or the community have been referred to as ‘Jana’ or ‘vish’. The composers of hymns called themselves ‘Aryas’, and their oppositions as ‘Dasas’/’Dasyus’. 

Stone boulders as the one in the figure are known as Megaliths.

Megalith

They were utilized to mark burial sites. Stone circles were placed on the surface to find burial sites so that people could return to the same place This practice was utilized in the Deccan and Kashmir. A few stone monuments are on a superficial level and some are underground. 

The dead were buried with different pots, which are called Black and Red Ware.

Individuals were buried alongside a few articles. The articles picked most likely relied on the status of the dead individual. 

Families were generally buried together. 

In Inamgaon, individuals were buried with their heads towards the north. Vessels containing food and water were set next to them. 

Aryas:

The individuals who formed the hymns called themselves ‘Aryas’. 

Black and Red-Ware:

The two particular pots, with which the dead were buried, have been known as the Black and the Red Ware. 

Brahmins:

The priests were known as the ‘Brahmins’. They performed different ceremonies. 

Dasyus/Dasas:

The rivals of the ‘Aryas’ were referred to as ‘Dasas’/’Dasyus’ by them. This world later signified ‘slave’. 

Megalith:

A stone boulder used to mark burial sites is attributed to as a stone monument. 

Sukta:

The hymns of the Vedas were called ‘Suktas’, which converts into ‘well said’. 

Around 3600 years ago

the start of the settlement of Inamgaon. 

Around 3500 years ago(for example around 1500 B.C.) –

start of the composition of the earliest of the Vedas, the Rigveda. 

Around 3000 years ago (for example around 1,000 B.C.) –

start to the building of Megalith.

Around 2700 years ago (for example around 700 B.C.) –

end of settlement at Inamgaon. 

Around 2000 years ago

Charaka composed ‘Charaka Samhita’. 

Under 200 years ago (in the nineteenth century A.D.) –

the first printing of the Rigveda.

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