Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: Class 10 Science NCERT Chapter 16

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 10 Biology Chapter 16 – Management of Natural Resources

In the previous chapter 16, you learned about Our Environment. In this chapter: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources, you will learn about natural resources.

Quick revision notes

Anything in the earth which can be utilized is known as a characteristic asset.

Common Resources incorporates complete regular habitat that help human life and add to the creation of necessities and solaces to humankind. So common assets are the parts of climate, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

Sorts of Natural Resources: based on bounty and accessibility, the normal assets are of two kinds:

  •       Inexhaustible
  •   Exhaustible

(a) Inexhaustible: These are in bounty and can’t be depleted by man’s utilization. For instance; air, sand, earth and so forth. It gets influenced by the over-populace of humanity.

(b) Exhaustible: These are restricted and can get depleted over some undefined time frame, i.e., coal, oil and so forth.

Management of Natural Resources: An arrangement of controlling the utilization of normal assets in such a manner, as to stay away from their wastage and to utilize them in the best manner is called the executives of natural resources.

For what reason do we have to Manage Our Natural Resources: We have to deal with our normal assets in view of the accompanying reasons:

  • The assets of the earth are restricted. In light of the quick increment in human populace, the interest for assets is expanding step by step. The correct administration can guarantee that the common assets are utilized reasonably, so they satisfy the requirements of present age and furthermore keep going for the ages to come.
  • The appropriate administration of characteristic assets contemplates long haul viewpoint (or see) and forestalls their misuse to handle for momentary increases.
  • The appropriate administration can guarantee impartial conveyance of common assets with the goal that all the individuals can profit by the advancement of these assets.
  • The appropriate administration will contemplate the harm caused to the earth during the ‘extraction’ or ‘utilization’ of the common assets and discover available resources to limit this harm.

Protection of Wildlife: It is critical to save untamed life to keep up the environmental parity in nature and to safeguard the genetic supply. A portion of the measures (or steps) to be taken for the preservation of natural life are given beneath:

  • Laws ought to be made to force an absolute prohibition on the poaching (murdering) or catching of any creature or fledgling having a place with a jeopardized species.
  • The regular territories of wild creatures and fowls ought to be protected by setting up National Parks and Sanctuaries all through the nation.
  • The Government Department associated with the preservation of untamed life should direct an occasional overview in all the backwoods, National parks and Sanctuaries to know about the number of inhabitants in all types of wild creatures and winged animals.
  • Special consideration ought to be paid to the protection of imperiled types of wild creatures and winged animals to forestall their annihilation through and through.
  • The unapproved felling (cutting) of woodland trees for lumber exchange and fuel-wood ought to be controlled (halted) right away.

Forest and wild life conservation: Forests are biodiversity problem areas. Biodiversity of a territory is the quantity of types of various living things like microscopic organisms, growths, controlling plants creepy crawlies, feathered creatures, and so on.

Hotspot implies a territory loaded with natural decent variety. Loss of decent variety may prompt lost natural security/environmental unevenness.

Stake holders: An individual having interest or worry for something is called as a stakeholder.

Sustainable Management: Management of forest assets carefully to make it accessible for people in the future.

To think about the protection of forests, we have to take a view at the stakeholders who are:

  • The individuals who live in or around woodlands are subject to backwoods items for different parts of their life.
  • The Forest Department of the Government which possesses the land and controls the assets from backwoods.
  • The industrialists—from the individuals who use ‘tendu’ leaves to make bidis to the ones with papermills who utilize different timberland produce.
  • The untamed life and nature aficionados who need to moderate nature in its immaculate structure.

A significant program called silviculture has been begun to renew the forests by developing more trees and plants.

Conservation of forests: It is carried out as follows:

  •   Afforestation: It is developing of woodlands on unprotected desolate terrains. Van Mahotsava is a tree estate development completed two times per year (February and July) by both government and willful offices.
  •   Reforestation: It is creating woodland spread in the territory which has been harmed or cleared during abuse.
  •   Separation of Commercial Forestry: Useful plants required by industry ought to be planted independently ideally on squander land. Developing industry required plants is called creation manor.
  •   Grazing: Grazing ought to be controlled by the accessibility of pasturage.

Effects of Deforestation

  • Soil Erosion: Removal of plant spread uncovered the rich soil to wind and water. The last eliminate the top soil and make the zone barren.
  • Desertification: Removal of timberland spread in the fields makes the region dry. In hot season, the dirt turns out to be free. Air flows remove the fine soil particles deserting sand.
  • Floods: In blustery season numerous impermanent creeks are shaped because of loss of ingestion limit by unprotected soil. The creeks produce floods in marsh making misfortune agribusiness, property and life.
  • Destruction of untamed life: Deforestation prompts demolition of characteristic environments of wild creatures and plants. Natural life is, thusly, demolished.
  • Climatic Changes: without woods spread, the late spring gets more sizzling while the winters become additional cool. The recurrence of precipitation diminishes.

Public Award for Wildlife Conservation: The Govt, of India, has as of late initiated an ‘Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for untamed life preservation in the memory of Amrita Devi, who in 1931 relinquished her life alongside 363 other for the security ‘Khejri Trees’ in Kherali Village close to Jodhpur in Rajasthan.

Chipko Andolan: Movement started in Garhwal in mid 1970’s that was the aftereffect of a grassroot level exertion to end the estrangement of individuals from their woodland.

In this manner, Chipko Movement (i.e., chipko Andolan) is the tree embracing development, in which the residents propel the axeman to stop tree felling by grasping and shaping ring (hover) around the checked trees. Model : Protection of Sal Forest in West Bengal in 1972.

Re-use is better than recycling as it spares vitality.

Water as a Resource

  •       Water is a fundamental need for all earthbound types of life. Areas of water shortage are intently identified with the areas of intense neediness.
  •       Failure to continue water accessibility has brought about loss of vegetation spread, redirection for high water requesting yields and contamination from ventures and, urban squanders and less downpour.
  •       Irrigation techniques like dams, tanks ought to be utilized in different piece of India.

Advantages of Dams

  •       Water from a dam is utilized for water system in fields through a system of waterways. Dams guarantee round the year water gracefully to the harvest fields and help raise agrarian creation.
  •       Water from a dam is provided to the individuals in towns and urban areas through pipelines after reasonable treatment. Along these lines, development of dams guarantees ceaseless water flexibly in the area.
  •       The falling water (or streaming water) from the dam is utilized for creating power. The water hurrying down the dam turns turbines which run electric generators.

Disadvantages of Dams

  •       Social Problems: Due to the development of tall structure dams, countless human settlements (or towns) are lowered in the water of enormous supply framed by the dam and numerous individuals are delivered destitute. This makes a social issue.
  •       Environmental Problems: The development of skyscraper dams on the streams adds to deforestation and loss of biodiversity. This is on the grounds that a huge assortment of vegetation (plants and creatures) get lowered in the water of enormous store shaped by the dam and upset the biological equalization.
  •       Economic Problems: Some individuals state that the development of skyscraper dams includes the spending of a gigantic measure of open cash without the age of proportionate advantages.

Forests: Forests are significant inexhaustible normal assets ruled fundamentally by trees shaping such a shade, they are basic for the natural equalization all things considered. They keep up the natural biological system.

Water Harvesting: Aim is to create essential assets of land and water and to deliver optional assets of plants and creatures for use in a way which won’t cause natural imbalance.

Various ancient methods of water harvesting

Methods State
Khadin, tanks, nadis Rajasthan
Banderas, tals Maharashtra
Bundhis Madhya Pradesh and U.P.
Pyhes and Pynes Bihar
Kulhs Himachal Pradesh
Ponds Jammu Region
Eris (tanks) Tamilnadu

Baylis – Old technique for water reaping in Delhi and close by locale. These methods are neighborhood explicit to guarantee the botch and over-misuse of these resources.

Advantages of Water Harvesting System

  •       Water doesn’t vanish.
  •       Recharge wells and dampness for vegetation.
  •       Does not give favorable places to mosquitoes.
  •       Ground water is shielded from defilement by human and creature squander.

Contamination of Water: The contamination of water is brought about by the dumping of untreated sewage and mechanical squanders into it.

The pollution of stream water can be normally found from two components :

  •       the nearness of coliform microbes in waterway water, and
  •       measurement of pH of stream water.

Ganga Action Plan (GAP): Muticrore venture came in 1985 to improve the nature of Ganga. Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was figured to lessen the contamination heap of stream Ganga by over 75%. The water quality has been tried every now and then by checking coliform (a gathering of innocuous microbes in human digestive tract) number/100 ml. Likewise, a study was led and information was gathered for all out coliform (a gathering of microbes found in human digestive tract) between 1993-1994 which was as underneath:

MPN – Most Probable Number.

Advantages of Water Stored in the Ground

  •       The water put away in the ground doesn’t vanish.
  •       The water put away in the ground spreads out to energize wells and gives dampness to crops over a wide territory.
  •       The water put away in the ground doesn’t advance the reproducing of mosquitoes (dissimilar to stale water gathered in lakes or counterfeit lakes).
  •       The water put away in the ground is shielded from tainting by human and creature squander.

Coal and Petroleum Conservation: Coal and oil are non-renewable energy sources found in earth’s hull. They are non-sustainable and modest assets.

  1. Coal: Coal is flammable fossilized stone gotten from a huge gathering of plant remains that is progressively packed. Coal is utilized for cooking, warming, in industry and warm force plants.

2. Petroleum: Petroleum is another non-renewable energy source that happens as fluid oil. It has been framed before (around 10 to 20 crore years old) from plant and creature remains and happen as mineral oil in sedimentaiy rocks. Oil is fundamentally utilized as fuel for transport, farming tasks, generators and a few ventures.

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