Nutrition in Animals: Class 7 Science NCERT Chapter 2

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 7 Science Chapter 2 –  Nutrition in Animals 

In the last chapter 2, you learned about nutrition in plants. In this chapter, you will learn about Nutrition in Animals.

Quick revision notes

All animals require nourishment for getting vitality, development, fix of harmed parts and working of the body. The way toward taking food by a creature and its usage in the body is called creature nourishment. 

Plants can set up their own food by the cycle of photosynthesis yet animals get their food from plants, either legitimately by eating plants or in a roundabout way by eating different animals that eat plants. A few animals eat the two plants and different animals. 

Animal nourishment incorporates supplement necessities method of admission of food and its use in the body. 

Human Digestive System 

The framework that comprises of the stomach related plot alongside organs is known as the stomach related framework. Presently, let us comprehend what befalls the food in various pieces of the stomach related plot. 

  1. Mouth and Buccal Cavity 

The cycle of ingestion begins from the mouth or buccal depression. As we ingest, food the salivary organs present in the mouth start its processing. The teeth present in the buccal hole cut the food into little pieces by biting and pounding it. Salivary organs emit a watery fluid, spit. This spit contains stomach related compounds which help in incomplete assimilation of food (starch). The tongue helps in blending spit in with food. This mostly processed food is gulped by the tongue and went down to throat or food pipe. 

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Teeth 

 The teeth cut the food inside the mouth. Teeth precisely break the food into little pieces. These teeth change in appearance. Every tooth is established in a different attachment in the gums

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Tongue 

It is a solid organ connected at the back to the floor of the buccal cavity. It is liberated from the front and can help in blending spit in with the food, gulping the food, talking or talking and tasting with the assistance of taste buds for sweet, salt, acrid and unpleasant food. Salivary organs emit salivation which separates starch into sugars. 

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  1. The food channel or Esophagus 

It is the cylinder like structure which associates the mouth to the stomach and runs along neck and chest. It conveys marginally processed food from the mouth to the stomach. Food is pushed descending by a wave like development of the mass of foodpipe because of exchange compression and unwinding. This development is called peristalsis. 

The bit food that enters the throat from mouth and is passed down to stomach is called bolus. 

At times, food isn’t acknowledged by our stomach and is regurgitated out in light of the fact that the food moves the other way, for example from stomach to mouth by hostile to peristaltic development in throat. 

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Our windpipe (that carries air from nostril to our lungs) and foodpipe runs adjacent to each other. Air and food share a common passage in the throat. When we swallow food, a flap-like valve closes the passage of the windpipe and guides the food into the foodpipe. But if we laugh or talk while eating, the windpipe remains open and food particle enters into the windpipe and we experience hiccups, cough or choking si characteristic ‘gulping sound’ repeatedly and coughing clears the blockage of windpipe

Our windpipe (that conveys air from nostril to our lungs) and foodpipe runs nearby one another. Air and food share a typical entry in the throat. At the point when we swallow food, a fold like valve shuts the section of the windpipe and aides the food into the foodpipe. Be that as it may, in the event that we giggle or talk while eating, the windpipe stays open and food molecule goes into the windpipe and we experience hiccups, hack or stifling si trademark ‘swallowing sound’ over and over and hacking frees the blockage from windpipe 

  1. The Stomach 

The stomach was first found by an American specialist William Beaumont in 1822 coincidentally in the man named Alexis St. Martin. It is a thick walled sack like structure which is available on the left half of the mid-region. Its shape resembles smoothed U and it is the largest aspect of the nutritious channel. The semi-processed food from throat goes into stomach where further absorption happens. 

  1. The Small Intestine 

It is exceptionally curled long cylinder with length of about 7.5 meters. The small intestine is a tight cylinder which gets discharges from the liver and pancreas. The mass of small intestine additionally secretes stomach related juices. The total assimilation of food happens inside the small intestine and the food segments are likewise ingested here. 

The biggest organ of the body, for example liver is the ruddy earthy colored shaded organ, arranged in the upper aspect of the midsection on the correct side. It secretes bile juices which is put away in a sac-like structure called as nerve bladder. The bile helps in the processing of fats. It breaks the fat atoms into small beads with the goal that its further breakdown into less difficult mixes, turns out to be simple. The total processing of fats is finished by pancreatic juice. 

The pancreas is an enormous cream shaded organ which is found just beneath the stomach and secretes pancreatic juices. It separates fats into less difficult mixes like unsaturated fat and glycerol, starch into straightforward sugars and proteins into less complex amino acids. The intestinal juices emitted by the dividers of small intestine additionally help in the absorption of sugar and proteins into less difficult and water solvent substance. Presently, the food is supposed to be processed. This processed food is currently consumed by the dividers of small intestine. 

  1. The large Intestine

It is a 1.5-meter long cylinder. It is more extensive and shorter than the small intestine. The undigested semi-strong food is passed from small intestine to internal organ. The internal organ retains water and salt from the undigested food. The staying waste material at that point goes to the rectum and stays there for quite a while as semi-strong excrement. This waste fecal issue is then eliminated through the butt from the body by the cycle called egestion. 

Diarrhoea 

It is a condition where an individual passes out watery stools much of the time. It is an ailment which is brought about by a contamination, food contamination or heartburn. It generally happens In youngsters and might be lethal. In this condition, there is lost water and salts from the body of an individual through successive watery stools. This loss of water from the body of an individual through watery stool is called parchedness and it might be lethal under extreme conditions. The runs ought to never be dismissed. So as to forestall parchedness, the individual experiencing loose bowels ought to be given an answer of sugar and salt in the spotless water for a few times in a day. 

This arrangement is called Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS). The ORS makes up the loss of water and salt in the body and sugar gives vitality which helps in the recuperation of sickness. The parchedness of body can be forestalled during loose bowels by giving ORS arrangement consistently to the patients. Meanwhile, the specialists ought to be called for meds to fix of looseness of the bowels.

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