Mineral and Power Resources: Class 8 Geography

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 –    Mineral and Power Resources

Quick revision notes

In Chapter 2 of Class 8 NCERT book: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation & Wildlife Resources , you must have learnt about  how land, soil, water, natural vegetation and wildlife resources. In chapter 3: Mineral and Power Resources, you will learn about various forms of minerals and power resources and more.

A mineral is a normally happening substance that has an unmistakable concoction piece. 

Minerals are made by normal cycles, for example, rock development and are moved in a specific zone. 

Minerals are distinguished based on their physical properties. They are extricated by the way toward mining. 

There are two kinds of minerals: Metallic and Non-metallic. 

Metallic minerals, for example, iron metal, nickel, copper, and so forth., are found in volcanic and transformative rocks. 

Non-metallic minerals, for example, limestone and mineral energizes are found in sedimentary stone arrangement of fields and youthful overlap mountains. 

Minerals are basic for the monetary advancement of any nation. Being non-inexhaustible assets, minerals ought to be utilized respectably. 

They can be moderated by diminishing the wastage during mining, reusing and utilizing substitutes. 

Force or energy assumes an essential job in our lives. We rely upon capacity to make our life more agreeable. Force is required in a home, yet additionally for running the exercises of industry, farming, transport, correspondence and safeguard. 

Force sources can be comprehensively sorted into 

• Conventional Sources 
• Non-Conventional Sources. 

The force sources which share been for all intents and purpose use for quite a while are known as Conventional Sources. For instance, kindling, non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, gaseous petrol, and hydropower. 

Some new wellsprings of energy which have been found in the ongoing past are called non-regular wellsprings of energy. Significant wellsprings of non-ordinary energy are—Solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, through tides and waves, and so forth. 

Non-traditional wellsprings of energy are non-contaminating, endless, protected and clean. The vast majority of these are just in the experimentation stage and are being utilized as an alternate wellspring of business energy to an almost no degree. 

We should ration the customary force sources as they are restricted in nature. Thus, we should advance the utilization of elective wellsprings of intensity. 

A normally happening substance having a distinct compound organization is known as a mineral. Minerals are found in specific territories just and not all over. 

Minerals are framed in various conditions and human exercises don’t assume any job in their arrangement. Rather just common cycles are included. 

Minerals can be distinguished based on their physical properties like shading, thickness, hardness and chemipal properties like dissolvability. 

Based on sythesis, we order minerals as metallic and non-metallic. 

Metallic minerals contain metal. The metal is available in crude structure, that is, it contains polluting influences and it should be handled so as to yield the unadulterated metal. 

Ferrous minerals and non-ferrous minerals are a grouping of metallic minerals. Ferrous minerals contain iron. Models are iron metal, manganese metal and chromites. Non-ferrous minerals don’t contain iron as a constituent. Models incorporate gold, silver, copper, lead. 

Non-metallic minerals don’t contain metals. Rather they contain polluted mixes or mineral fills. Models: limestone, mica, coal and oil. 

Extraction is the way toward taking out minerals from under the world’s surface so valuable materials can be gotten from them. 

Mining is a cycle of extraction or taking out minerals from rocks under the world’s surface. 

In open-cast mining, minerals lying at shallow profundities are taken out by eliminating the surface layer. In shaft mining, profound bores (called shafts) are made to arrive at mineral stores lying everywhere profundities. 

Penetrating is another strategy for extraction where profound wells are exhausted to take out minerals. 

Quarrying alludes to the cycle of extraction where minerals lying near the surface are extricated just by uncovering them. 

Metallic minerals are commonly found in volcanic rocks and transformative rocks in levels. Non-metallic minerals are normally found in a sedimentary stone arrangement in fields and youthful overlap mountains. 

Significant districts having enormous iron stores are China and India in Asia; Russia, Ukraine, Sweden and France in Europe; the Canadian Shield area in North America; and Brazil in South America. Brazil is the biggest maker of high evaluation iron mineral. 

Asia produces over a large portion of the complete underway on the planet. China leads in the creation of lead, antimony, tin and tungsten. 

North America is separated into three zones to depict the nearness of mineral stores. These are Canadian district north of the Great Lakes, the Appalachian locale and the mountain ranges in the western aspect of the mainland. 

Chile and Peru in South America are driving makers of copper. Brazil and Bolivia are significant makers of tin. 

Africa is the mainland most extravagant in mineral assets. South America, Zimbabwe and Zaire are the world’s most significant makers of gold. 

Australia creates the biggest amount of bauxite. It additionally delivers gold, jewel, iron, tin and nickel. The regions called Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie have enormous stores of gold. 

In India, high-grade iron mineral is created in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Bauxite is delivered in Jharkhand, Orisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Mica stores are found in Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. India is the biggest maker and exporter of mica on the planet. 

Kolar in Karnataka has enormous stores of gold. India is a main maker and exporter of salt. 

Stream Learning:

Miśneral: A normally happening substance having an unmistakable concoction sythesis is known as a mineral. 

Rock: A stone is a total of at least one minerals, without unmistakable arrangement of the constituent of minerals. 

Metal: A metal is a stone from which minerals are mined. 

Metallic Minerals: Metallic minerals are those containing metal. The metal is available in crude structure, that is, it contains contaminations and it should be handled so as to yield the unadulterated metal. 

Ferrous Minerals: Ferrous minerals are the ones containing iron as a constituent. 

Non-ferrous Minerals: Non-ferrous minerals are the ones that don’t contain iron as a constituent. 

Non-metallic Minerals: Non-metallic minerals are the ones that don’t contain metals. 

Rather, they contain sullied mixes or mineral powers. 

Extraction: Extraction is the way toward taking out minerals from under the world’s surface with the goal that helpful materials can be gotten from them. 

Mining: Mining is a cycle of extraction or taking out minerals from rocks under the world’s surface. 

Open-cast Mining: Open-cast mining is a strategy for extraction wherein minerals lying at shallow profundities are taken out by eliminating the surface layer. 

Shaft Mining: Shaft mining is a technique for extraction where profound bores (called shafts) are made to arrive at mineral stores lying everywhere profundities. 

Boring: Drilling is another technique for extraction where profound wells are drilled to take out minerals. 

Quarrying: Quarrying alludes to the cycle of extraction where minerals lying near the surface are removed just by uncovering them. 

Traditional Sources of Energy: Conventional force sources are those that have been being used for quite a while. 

Non-traditional Power Sources: Non-ordinary force sources are those force sources that have come into utilization as of late because of the draining regular assets and developing mindfulness. 

Petroleum products: Fossil powers are what the remaining parts of plants and creatures changed over into after they stayed covered under the earth for many years. 

Thermal Power: The power got from coal is called Thermal power 

Coal: Coal is a petroleum product that was shaped a large number of years prior when monster plants and bogs got covered under the layers of the earth. 

Oil: Petroleum is a thick dark fluid non-renewable energy source found between layers of rocks also, penetrated from oil fields. 

Hydel Power: Hydel power is the energy controlled by waterway water (put away in dams) or water tumbling from incredible statures. 

Solar Energy: Solar energy is the warmth and light energy caught from the sun. 

Solar Cell: Solar cells are gadgets to change over solar energy into power. 

Wind Energy: Wind energy is the energy controlled by moving air (wind). 

Atomic Power: Nuclear force is energy controlled by the cores of particles of normally happening radioactive components like uranium, thorium, and so on. 

Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy is the warmth energy acquired from within the earth. 

Tidal Energy: Tidal energy is the energy produced from tides. 

Biogas: Biogas is a vaporous fuel acquired from the deterioration of natural waste like dead plant and creature material or creature compost and kitchen squander.