From Hunting-Gathering to Growing Food: Class 6 History NCERT Chapter 2

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 6 History Chapter 3 – From Hunting-Gathering to Growing Food 

In Chapter 1 of NCERT History class 6 book, what, when, where and How? We learnt a brief about how and what we know of the past. In this chapter of NCERT class 6 history: From Hunting-Gathering to Growing Food, we will further study how and why people moved from one place to another, and the start of farming and herding.

Quick revision notes

Hunters and gatherers were the individuals who lived in the subcontinent 2 million years ago. This name has been given since they chased wild creatures, got fish and birds, Gathered nuts, fruits, roots, seeds, leaves, stalks and eggs for their food.

Hunters-gatherers moved here and there as a result of the following reasons:

• If they had remained at one spot for a while, they would have used all the accessible plant and creature resources.
• Creatures move here and there so these individuals needed to follow their movements for chasing purposes.
• Individuals may have moved from one season to another to look for various types of plants.
• Individuals living on their banks would have needed to go looking for water during the dry seasons from their places.

Finding a place to live in 

• Individuals wanted to live in places having the following accessibility.
• They wanted to live close to the wellsprings of water, for example, streams and lakes.
• Individuals attempted to discover places where a great quality stone was effectively accessible as it was significant for hunting

Changing Environment

Around 12,000 years prior, there were significant changes in the atmosphere of the world, which prompted the improvement of fields in numerous territories. This likewise prompted an expansion in the quantity of creatures that made due on the grass. In this way, individuals began herding and raising these creatures. Fishing additionally got significant for individuals.

Beginning of farming and herding- a new life

Climate change on the planet resulted in the creation of farming. Individuals watched plants and how they develop. Step by step, they also began developing harvests.

Individuals began restraining creatures as well. The dog was the primary creature to be restrained.

Creatures like sheep, goat, cows were also restrained thus individuals became herders.

People started utilizing grains as seeds, as food, and furthermore as presents and they stored them for future.

Creatures were ‘stored’ as well since they can be fill in as a wellspring of milk and furthermore give meat. So, people utilized creatures as a ‘store’ of food.

Towards a settled life 

Archaeologists have discovered hints of hovels or houses at certain locales which shows that individuals have a steady life.

They have likewise discovered cooking hearths both inside and outside the cottages, which proposes that,  Depending upon the climate, individuals used to prepare food either inside or outside.

They likewise found Numerous sorts of earthen pots. People utilized them for decoration and for putting away things.

Individuals additionally started weaving fabric, utilizing various types of materials. Cotton is one such example.

Neolithic Age is the time of history after around 10,000 years back. Mortars and pestles and other different tools of the Neolithic age have likewise been found.

Archaeologists found Stone instruments from numerous destinations. They are Neolithic because huge numbers of these are unique about the previous Paleolithic tools. These incorporate devices that were cleaned to give a fine bleeding edge, and mortars and pestles. Mortars and pestles are utilized for granulating grain even today. Aside from these apparatuses, a portion of the instruments was made of bone as well.

They also found Stone apparatuses, a type of stone called jadeite, and so forth in Daojali Hading close to the Brahmaputra Valley.

Individuals developed cotton at this point thus weaving of garments had started.

Tribes were the gatherings in which numerous farmers and herders lived. They trailed certain traditions and practices.

On exhuming, people found levels which demonstrate sequence (order of occasions).

Various plants develop in different conditions. Various creatures also favour different situations.

A few destinations have given proof of farmers and herders. Researches have found examined plant remains and creature bones.

Archaeologists have discovered hints of huts or houses at certain destinations. People burrowed the ground, to form Pit-houses.

Living and dying in Mehrgarh 

Mehrgarh was settled in a fertile plain, close to the Bolan Pass. Here, individuals figured out how to develop grain and wheat. It is probably one of the most primitive villages. It was one of the spots where individuals figured out how to cultivate grain and wheat, and rear sheep and goats for the first time in this region. At this town, numerous creature bones were found. In Mehrgarh, residues of houses have been found. They had at least four compartments. A few burial grounds have been found in Mehrgarh. When individuals pass away, their family members and companions offer respect to them. The dead individuals were buried with goats, which intended to fill in as food in the next world.

Domestication

Domestication is The restraining of creatures for different reasons.

Fossil Wood

Fossil Wood is ancient wood that has solidified into stone.

Levels

The different waste material that frames the layer of hills known as levels.

Neolithic Age:

It is the part of history after around 10,000 years back

Clans:

They are gatherings where many farmers and herders lived.

Around 12,000 years back:

The start of Domestication.

Around 10,000 years back:

The start of the Neolithic Age.

Around 8,000 years back:

The start of settlement at Mehrgarh.