Animal Kingdom: Class 11 Biology NCERT Chapter 4

Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 – Animal Kingdom

In the previous chapter: Plant Kingdom, we got to know how the plant kingdom includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. In chapter 4 of the NCERT Class 11 Biology textbook: Animal Kingdom, you will learn about how the Animal kingdom comprises multicellular eukaryotic organisms that do not possess a cell wall and is one of the kingdoms among the Five-Kingdom Scheme of classification proposed by R.H. Whittaker.

There are a large number of living beings in this world. There are some which are even yet to be found. These living life forms that are known to man, extensively incorporate creatures, plants, microorganisms, and so on. Every one of them shows extraordinary assorted variety. However, there are a few qualities that are comparable between gatherings of living beings and this is the thing that ties them together. 

Grouping of creatures encourages us to comprehend their attributes, just as their disparities with different life forms. The most popular living beings are the creatures. In logical phrasing, they are gathered under the Kingdom Animalia, also called the Animal Kingdom. Let us become familiar with this celebrated Kingdom!

Quick revision notes

  • A large number of types of creatures have been portrayed and it turns out to be more important to group them to appoint a methodical position. 
  • Creatures are characterized based on plan of cells, body evenness, nature of coelom, example of stomach related, circulatory and regenerative framework.

Levels of organisms: Animal Kingdom

  • Deficient stomach related framework makes them open yet the complete stomach related framework has two opening-mouth and rear-end.
  • Open circulatory framework blood is siphoned out of heart and cells and tissue are legitimately washed in it.
  • Closed circulatory system- blood is circulated through arteries, veins and capillaries.

Symmetry: Animal Kingdom

  • The creatures where cells are organized in two early stage layers, outside ectoderm and inner endoderm are called diploblastic. Eg. Porifera and Cnidaria.

Animal Kingdom

  • The creatures creating undeveloped organisms have a third germinal layer, mesoderm other than ectoderm and endoderm are called triploblastic. Eg. Platyhelminthes, Chordates. 
  • The body depression which is lined by mesoderm is called coelom. Animals having coelom are called coelomate (Annelida, Chordates, Mollusca). In certain creatures depression isn’t lined by mesoderm however dissipated as pockets in the middle of ectoderm and endoderm, are called pseudocoelomates
  • (Aschelminthes). The creatures wherein body pit is missing are called acoelomate (Platyhelminthes)

Animal Kingdom

In certain creatures, the body is remotely and inside separated into fragments with sequential redundancy as in worm, called metameric division.

CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

Phylum Porifera-

  • Individuals from this phylum are generally known as wipes. For the most part marine, topsy-turvy and have cell level of association. 
  • They have a water transport or channel framework. Water enters through moment pores, Ostia into the focal pit Spongocoel, from where it goes out through Osculum. 
  • Sustenance, breath and discharge is performed by pathway of water transport framework. 
  • Skeleton composed of spicules or spongin strands. 
  • Eggs and sperms are created by the same life form (hermaphrodite). Asexual generation by fracture and sexual multiplication by gametes arrangement. 
  • Preparation inner and advancement is circuitous.
  • Example– Sycon, Spongilla.

Phylum Cnidaria ( Coelenterate)-

  • They are amphibian, for the most part marine, sessile, free swimming, radially even creatures. 
  • They display tissue level of association, diploblastic, coelomate with single opening. 
  • They show two kinds of body called polyp and medusa. 
  • Polyp is sessile, fixed, and round and hollow, without gonads. For instance: Hydra, Adamsia. Medusa is free swimming, umbrella like having gonads like Aurelia and Jelly fish. 
  • A few cnidarians display the two structures (Obelia). Polyp produces medusa agamically and medusa produces polyp explicitly.

Phylum Ctenophora-

  • Generally known as the Comb Jellies or Sea Walnuts. 
  • Only marine, diploblastic, radially balanced, with tissue level of association. 
  • Body bears eight ciliated brush plates which help in velocity. 
  • Bioluminescence (to produce light) is available in Ctenophores. 
  • Are Hermaphrodite, treatment is outside, improvement aberrant. 
  • Model Ctenoplana, Pleurobrachia.

Phylum Platyhelminthes (The Flatworms)

  • Dorso-ventrally straightened body, respectively balanced, triploblastic, acoelomate with organs levels of association. 
  • Snares and suckers are available in parasitic structures. Fire cells help in osmoregulation and discharge. 
  • Preparation is interior, improvement is backhanded. They are bisexual. 
  • Model Taenia, Planaria, Fasciola.

Phylum Aschelminthes (The Roundworm)

  • Dorso-ventrally straightened body, respectively balanced, triploblastic, acoelomate with organs levels of association. 
  • Snares and sucker are available in parasitic structures. Fire cells help in osmoregulation and discharge. 
  • Preparation is interior, improvement is backhanded. They are bisexual. 
  • Model Taenia, Planaria, Fasciola.

Phylum Annelida

  • Sea-going or earthbound, respectively even, divided with organ framework level of association. 
  • Oceanic Annelids like Nereis has sidelong extremities parapodia, for swimming. Nephridia help in osmoregulation and discharge. 
  • Neural framework comprises of matched ganglia associated by sidelong nerves to a twofold ventral nerve line.
  • Dioecious (Nereis) or monoecious (earthworm, leech)
  • Example- Pheretima (earthworm), Hirunidaria (Blood sucking leech).
  • Model Pheretima (night crawler), Hirunidaria (Blood sucking leech).

Phylum Arthropoda

  • Biggest phylum of creatures which incorporates bugs. They have organ arrangement of association. They are triploblastic, coelomate, reciprocally even with chitinous exoskeleton. 
  • Body comprises of head, chest and midsection, jointed members (jointed feet). Respiratory organs are gills, book lungs or tracheal framework with open circulatory framework. 
  • Discharge through malpighian tubules, sense organs recieving wire or eyes. Treatment inward, for the most part oviparous. 

Economically important

Apis (honey bee), Bombyx (silk worm).

Vectors

Anopheles, Ades, Culex (mosquito).

Living fossils

Limulus (king crab)

Phylum Mollusca

  • Earthly or amphibian, organ level of association, respectively balanced, triploblastic and coelomate. 
  • Body separated into head, strong foot and instinctive mound. Unsegmented and secured with calcareous shell. 
  • Plume like gills are available among mound and mantle. 
  • Mouth contains record like scratching organ for taking care of called radula. 
  • Model Pila, Octopus.

Phylum Echinodermata (The Spiny Skinned Animals)

  • Endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles, marine with organ arrangement of association. 
  • Triploblastic, coelomate, nearness of water vascular framework help in velocity, catch of food and breath. 
  • Genders are independent, treatment is outer and improvement is aberrant. 
  • Model Asterias (Star fish), Cucumaria (Sea cucumber), Antedon (Sea lily)

Phylum Hemichordata

  • Worm-like marine creatures with organ arrangement of association, respectively balanced, triploblastic and coelomate creatures. 
  • Body is barrel shaped, made out of front proboscis, a neckline and a long trunk. 
  • Open circulatory framework, breath by gills, excretory organ is proboscis organs. 
  • Genders are discrete, preparation outer, aberrant turn of events. 
  • Model Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus.

Phylum Chordates

  • Nearness of notochord, have dorsal empty nerve harmony and combined pharyngeal gill cuts. 
  • Respectively even, triploblastic, coelomate with organs framework levels of association. 
  • Shut circulatory framework, ventral heart, post-butt-centric tail is available

Phylum Chordata

  • In Urochordata, notochord is available just in larval tail. In Cephalochordate it reaches out from head to tail and continues for the duration of the life. 
  • Vertebrata has notochord in early stage period which is supplanted by vertebral segment in the grown-ups. 
  • Sub-phylum Vertebrata is additionally partitioned into two division Agnatha( needs jaw) and Gnathostomata ( bears jaw). 
  • Gnathostomata is additionally partitioned into two super class-Pisces( bears blades) and Tetrapoda (bears appendages).

Class Cyclostomata (Circular mouthed fishes)–

  • They are ectoparasites on certain fishes. They have sucking and round mouth without jaws. 
  • Body without scales, gill cuts for breath, skull and vertebral segment is cartilaginous. 
  • Dissemination is shut sort. They are marine yet move to new water for bringing forth amazing barely any days. Hatchling come back to oceans after transformation. 
  • Model Petromyzon (Lamprey), Maxine (Hag fish).

Class Chondrichthyes (The Cartilaginous Fish)

  • They are marine, smoothed out body, have cartilaginous endoskeleton, wanton, extreme skin with minute placoid scales. 
  • Gill cuts are independent without operculum. 
  • They have incredible jaw and are predators. 
  • Air bladder is missing, subsequently to abstain from sinking swims continually. Heart is two chambered, merciless (Poikilothermous). 
  • Genders independent. Guys have pelvic balances which bear claspers. Interior preparation, many are viviparous. 
  • Electric organ is available in Torpedo and Poison sting in Trygon

Example- Scoliodon (Dog fish), Carcharodron (great white shark).

Class Ostechthyes (The body fish)

  • Marine and new water both have hard endoskeleton. Smoothed out body with four sets of gills secured by operculum. 
  • Skin is secured with scales, air bladder is available, and heart is two chambered, relentless. 
  • Genders are independent, treatment outer, oviparous and advancement direct.

Example

Marine- Hippocampus (Sea horse), Exocoetus (Flying fish).

Fresh water- Labeo (Rohu), Catla ,Clarias (Magur).

Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammals
Can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitat. Mostly terrestrial animals. Presence of feathers for flying. Mostly terrestrial, a few can fly and live in water.
Two pairs of limbs Limb two pair if present. Forelimb is modified into wings. Two pair of limbs.
Moist skin without scales. Dry and cornified skin having scale or scute. Skin is dry without glands. Long bones are hollow with air cavities. Skin possesses hairs. Mammary gland is present to produce milk.
Respiration by gills, lungs or skin. Respiration by lungs. Respiration by lungs. Respiration by lungs.
Heart three chambered, cold blooded. Heart three chambered, Crocodile 4-chambered . Heart is four chambered, warm blooded. Heart four chambered.
Oviparous Oviparous Oviparous Viviparous or Oviparous.
Rana (frog), Salamander, Hyla Chamelion, Crocodilus, Naja Columba, Pavo, Ostrich. Platypus(oviparous) Camel, Dog, Blue whale.

Questions 

Q.The greatest class of collective of animals is? 

Answer: Insecta is a class of spineless creatures. They are set inside the phylum Arthropoda. The qualities of gathering Insecta are that they have six legs or three sets of legs. 

These legs contain joint fragments. The body of a creepy crawly is comprised of three sections. Every creepy crawly has one sets of recieving wires or antennas which encourages the bug to discover food. 

They have their body secured with the exoskeleton comprised of chitin. Creepy crawlies have a couple of sets of wings. Creepy crawlies are merciless. They have no lungs, yet little openings on their bodies. Creepy crawlies lay numerous eggs. Most bugs experience a daily existence cycle called transformation. 

They are among the most assorted gatherings of creatures on the planet. There are in excess of a million types of creepy crawlies. They are found in all conditions. It speaks to the greater part of every single living being. It is the biggest class of set of all animals.

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